Diabetic Eye Disease: Why Comprehensive Eye Exams Are Essential for Your Health

Diabetic eye disease is a term used to describe a group of eye problems that can affect people with diabetes, and it’s something that every diabetic should be aware of. Let’s take a look at what diabetic eye disease is, how common it is, and how it can impact your vision. 

What is Diabetic Eye Disease? 

Diabetic eye disease refers to any damage to the eyes caused by diabetes. The most common type of diabetic eye disease is diabetic retinopathy, but it can also include cataracts and glaucoma. These conditions can lead to vision problems, and if left untreated, they can even cause blindness. The good news is that with early detection and proper management, you can reduce the risk of severe vision problems. 

How Common is Diabetic Retinopathy? 

Diabetic retinopathy is the most common type of eye disease related to diabetes. The International Diabetes Federation estimates that about 1 in 3 adults with diabetes—around 33%—develop some form of diabetic retinopathy. Among those who have had diabetes for 20 years or more, the prevalence increases to nearly 60%, highlighting the condition’s progressive nature. 

In the U.S., the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that roughly 4.2 million adults with diabetes are affected by diabetic retinopathy, with around 655,000 experiencing advanced stages that could jeopardize their vision. Globally, it’s projected that by 2040, nearly 191 million people will be living with diabetic retinopathy due to the growing rates of diabetes. 

The Risk of Glaucoma and Cataracts 

But that’s not the only risk for people with diabetes. Diabetes also increases the chances of developing glaucoma and cataracts. Here’s how: 

• Glaucoma: People with diabetes are more likely to develop glaucoma, a condition where the pressure inside the eye rises and damages the optic nerve. Glaucoma often doesn’t have noticeable symptoms until significant damage has already been done, so it’s critical to have your eye pressure checked regularly. 
• Cataracts: Diabetes can cause cataracts to form more quickly. Cataracts occur when the lens of your eye becomes cloudy, making it harder to see clearly. People with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing cataracts at a younger age compared to those without diabetes. 

Impact of Duration and Control 

The risk of diabetic eye disease depends largely on two factors: how long you’ve had diabetes and how well your diabetes is controlled. 

• Duration of Diabetes: The longer you have diabetes, the more likely it is that you may experience some form of diabetic eye disease. That’s why it’s so important to keep your blood sugar levels stable from the start. Even if you’re newly diagnosed with diabetes, regular eye exams should be a part of your care plan. 
• Blood Sugar Control: Keeping your blood sugar levels under control is key in preventing diabetic eye disease. High blood sugar can damage blood vessels in your eyes and other parts of your body. By maintaining healthy blood sugar levels, you can slow or even prevent damage to your eyes.